Radiologist - performs the sentinel node biopsy (where
2-3 lymph nodes in the armpit or breast are surgically removed) is also on
hospital staff.
Plastic surgeon - performs reconstruction if you want
it, during or well after mastectomy.
Radiation oncologist - manages radiation therapy. Wait
till after surgery to find.
First Breast Cancer Treatment: Surgery
Lumpectomy - usually recommended when there is a
single, small lump. The lump and the margin around it are surgically
removed under general anesthesia.
* Advantage: You have a small scar, usually.
* Disadvantages: You undergo radiation therapy
afterwards; because radiation can cause lumps, you may have more biopsies
in the future.
Mastectomy - removes breast tissue, comprised mainly of
fat, under general anesthesia. Surrounding tissues are undisturbed.
* Advantages: You need no further biopsies on that
side; you probably avoid radiation therapy if cancer is detected early.
* Disadvantages: You have asymmetry, and this may
temporarily affect sex life or self-image. With psychological adjustment
or reconstruction, these disadvantages can disappear.
Breast reconstruction - during/after a mastectomy using
techniques such as DIEP, where abdominal fat and skin are transferred to
the chest, to shape a new breast. This is not cosmetic surgery; it's part
of treatment.
* Advantages: feeling and looking restored; getting a
tummy tuck and a breast lift on the other breast.
Breast Cancer Treatment After Surgery
The oncologist considers the information from the
various tests. The oncologist stages the cancer, and recommends various
breast cancer treatments. The oncologist can refer you to a psychologist
or support group to allay anxiety about treatment.
Radiation therapy - usually started after recovery from
lumpectomy. It is precisely administered to the breast (and perhaps lymph
nodes) in order to kill cancerous cells, while avoiding damage to the rest
of the body. Sessions are a few minutes, once a day, 5 days a week, for 6
weeks.
* Short-term side effects: fatigue, breast soreness,
redness, swelling.
* Long-term side effects: breast shrinkage, tanning,
lumpiness.
Chemotherapy - started after all radiation is complete.
Drugs which kill or disable cancer cells are given cyclically, with time
off between treatments, for 3 to 6 months. The chemotherapy visit usually
is outpatient, lasting 1 to 6 hours. Some drugs are taken orally at home,
sometimes as a permanent regime.
* Side effects: hair loss, nausea/vomiting, nerve or
muscle pain, infection, weight gain, fatigue, difficulty sleeping.
Hormone Therapy - taken orally at home; both treats and
prevents recurrence in some cases.
Exercise, diet and lifestyle changes help recovery
significantly.
Survival After Therapy
With 2 million breast cancer survivors in America,
breast cancer is beatable. Breast cancer treatment requires internal
fortitude to reach recovery. You emerge with relief, gratitude and hope.